On This Day:

649:	Theodore I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
1264:	Baron's War is fought in England
1509:	Battle of Agnadello: French beat Venitians in Northesn Italy
1607:	The first permanent English-speaking settlement of the “New World”, Jamestown, is founded by 143 emigrants in what later becomes the state of Virginia (the lost colony of Roanoke was THE first; some consider Jamestown to be where the United States began)
1787:	Delegates begin gathering in Philadelphia for a convention to create the U.S. Constitution
1796:	The first smallpox vaccination is administered, by English physician Edward Jenner, to 8-year-old James Phipps (Jenner for the first time used cowpox to create smallpox immunity; previously smallpox itself was used, in a process known as variolation, which made people sicken and possibly die)
1804:	Lewis and Clark leave St. Louis for their exploration of the Louisiana Territory
1811:	Paraguay gains independence from Spain (National Day)
1848:	The Associated Press (AP) service begins operating
1853:	Gail Borden Jr. applies for a patent for making condensed milk in vacuum (but... it is 1856 before he receives American and British patents; he then fails twice to create a milk business in Connecticut [1856 and 1858], but Civil War demand for condensed milk for the troops finally assures his success)
1856:	Sitting in the study of his country home in Down England, Charles Darwin begins writing his book “The Origin of Species”
1862:	Adolphe Nicole of Switzerland is granted a patent for the chronograph
1874:	Paid Admission is first charged at a college football game (Harvard beats McGill 3-0)
1878:	The name “Vaseline” is registered as a trademark for the petroleum jelly developed by English-born chemist Robert Augustus Chesebrough ()
1894:	A rubbish fire at Boston's South End Grounds “Grand Pavillion” (Boston's first and only double-decked ballpark), set by several boys under the right-field bleachers, spreads to 170 adjoining buildings in Roxbury
1903:	President Theodore Roosevelt visits San Francisco
1904:	The first Olympic games to be held in the United States opens in St. Louis
1908:	The first passenger flight is made in an airplane
1914:	Chicago Jim Scott no-hits Cleveland, gives up 2 hits in 10th & loses 1-0
1935:	Plebiscite in the Philippines ratifies its independence agreement
1940:	The Netherlands surrenders to Germany
1942:	The U.S. Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) is established
1948:	Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion signs the documents establishing the State of Israel (British rule in Palestine ends)
1949:	Truman signs the bill establishing a rocket test range at Cape Canaveral
1949:	Vaughn Monroe's song, “Riders In The Sky (A Cowboy Legend)” (RCA Victor 47-2902), first appears on Billboard's charts and goes on to become the first 45 rpm record to become a #1 hit (it is the year's biggest hit)
1955:	The Soviet Union and seven other Communist bloc countries sign the Warsaw Pact in Poland
1963:	A laser light beam link first carries the TV signal during a network broadcast in a demonstration during the CBS program “I've Got a Secret” (the signal from a studio camera is used to modulate a laser beam that travels two feet to a receiver that decodes the signal from the beam and then sends the signal to a control room to be broadcast nationally)
1970:	Harry A Blackmun is appointed to the Supreme Court
1970:	NYC local newspaper, “Our Town,” begins publishing
1973:	Gold hits a record $102.50 an ounce in London
1973:	United States launches its first space station, “Skylab 1” (it remains in orbit until July, 1979, when it is allowed to descend and break up in the Earth's atmomsphere)
1974:	The Symbionese Liberation Army is destroyed in a shoot-out (6 killed)
1977:	THe Montreal Canadiens sweep the Boston Bruins to win the Stanley Cup
1981:	NASA launches space vehicle S-192
1986:	Reggie Jackson hits his 537th HR passing Mickey Mantle into 6th place
1989:	For the first time since 1948, a basball player hits 6 consecutive doubles (Kirby Puckett)
1989:	The first Tour de Trump bicycle race is run (Atlanta)
1990:	The Dow Jones Average hits a record 2,821.53
1992:	Former USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev addresses the members of the U.S. Congress to ask for passage of a foreign aid bill earmark to assist the people of the former Soviet Union
1996:	A tornado destroys 80 villages in nothern Bangladesh, killing more than 440 people
1998:	Singer Frank Sinatra dies of a heart attack at age 82
1998:	TV series “Seinfeld” airs its final episode after nine years on NBC
2001:	The Supreme Court rules 8-0 that there is no exception in federal law for people to use marijuana to ease their pain from cancer, AIDS or other illnesses

   Born On This Day:

1316:	Charles IV, king of Bohemia (1346-78), emperor (1355-78) (692 years ago)
1686:	Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, Prussian physicist (introduced the mercury thermometer) (322 years ago)
1771:	Robert Owen, England, factory owner/socialist (237 years ago)
1787:	Thomas Gainsborough, baptized, England, artist (The Blue Boy) (221 years ago)
1881:	Ed Walsh, pitcher, whose lifetime ERA of 182 is the lowest ever (127 years ago)
1883:	Julian Eltinge, Massachusetts, vaudeville star/greatest female impersonator (125 years ago)
1885:	Otto Klemperer, Breslau Germany, conductor (Das Ziel) (123 years ago)
1895:	Lew Lehr, Philadelphia, comedian (Stop Me if I heard this One) (113 years ago)
1904:	Billie Dove, NYC, actress (Black Pirate, Stolen Bride) (104 years ago)
1906:	James Flavin, Portland Me, actor (Man With a Camera) (102 years ago)
1909:	Vladimir Alatortsev, USSR, International Chess Master (1950) (99 years ago)
1917:	Lou Harrison, Portland Oregon, composer (Rapunzel) (91 years ago)
1919:	Heloise, & her helpful hints (or 04/15/1921?) (89 years ago)
1923:	Diane Arbus, NYC, photographer (Nudists) (85 years ago)
1925:	Patrice Munsel, Spokane Washington, soprano (Patrice Munsel Show) (83 years ago)
1926:	Eric Morecambe, London, comedian (Morecambe & Wise, Picadilly Palace) (82 years ago)
1929:	Vladimir Antoshin, USSR, International Chess Grandmaster (1964) (79 years ago)
1930:	Edward V “Ned” Regan, Planfield NJ, (Controller-R-NY, 1978- ) (78 years ago)
1936:	Bobby Darin, Bronx, singer (Mack the Knife) (72 years ago)
1943:	Jack Bruce, Lanarkshire Scotland, bassist (Cream-White Room) (65 years ago)
1944:	Francesca Annis, actress (Cleopatra, Flipper's New Adventures) (64 years ago)
1944:	George Lucas, film director of Star Wars (64 years ago)
1946:	Robert Jarvik, inventor (Jarvik 7 artificial heart) (62 years ago)
1951:	Jay Beckenstein, saxophonist (Spyro Gyra-Morning Dance) (57 years ago)
1951:	Season (Susan) Hubley, NYC, actress (PrettyKill, Vice Squad, Hardcore) (57 years ago)
1952:	David Byrne, Dunbartin Scotand, rocker (Talking Heads-Psycho Killer) (56 years ago)
1952:	Donald R McMonagle, Flint Michigan, Major USAF/astronaut (STS 39) (56 years ago)
1953:	Joe Schram, SigOp of VOA (55 years ago)
1959:	Mike Quick, NFL wide receiver (Philadelphia Eagles) (49 years ago)
1962:	C C Deville, rocker (Poison-Talk Dirty to Me) (46 years ago)
1962:	Ian Astbury, rocker (The Cult-Fire Woman) (46 years ago)
1966:	Fabrice Morvan, Guadeloupe, singer (Milli Vanilli-Girl You Know) (42 years ago)
1969:	David William Wood, Boston, rocker (New Kids-Lovin' You Forever) (39 years ago)
1970:	Natasha Ryan, Los Angeles, actress (Amy-Ladies' Man) (38 years ago)
1973:	Shanice Wilson, rocker (Discovery) (35 years ago)

   And Don't Forget, Today Is:

	(Guinea) Guinea Democratic Party Anniversary
	(Liberia) Unification Day/Integration Day
	(Malawi) Kamuzu Day
	(Paraguay) Independence Day (1811)
	(Philippines) Carabao Festival/Constitution Day/Feast of St Isidro
	(U.S.) National Dance Like A Chicken Day